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Born in the village Kharachoi Grozny district of the Terek region (now the Vedeno district of Chechnya ).

Become abreks Zelimkhan forced tragic circumstances with which he had to face: undeserved murder charges and subsequent imprisonment.According to the most Zelimkhan, he came from a prosperous family, had a large and small cattle, horses, a mill and a large apiary in which there were several hundred hives. In 1901 Zelimkhan was already a family man and did not even think about the fate of abrek . But the attempt to marry the younger brother Soltamurada led to an unexpected conflict: the girl's relatives give her to another. Clashes between youths from rival names resulted in the deaths of relatives Zelimkhan.In response, a man was killed from a hostile family. Despite the fact that reconciliation between the parties was held, the authorities began to make inquiry . Section chief, received a bribe for false accusation pointed at Zelimkhan, his father and two brothers. Thus, we found a legal basis to take the arrest of the Zelimkhan and his family.

May 24, 1901 for the execution of an act of vendetta , he was sentenced to 3,5 years in the penitentiary convict department and sent to Iletsk protection .In the summer of 1901was returned to Grozny to review the court decision , and then placed in Grozny jail. That summer he escaped and became an active participant abrecheskogo movement. ABREKS, not wanting to put up with injustice and tyranny, took up arms. Acting alone or in small groups, they avenged the tsarist government for themselves, their families and their people: killing the king's officials , robbed banks, state institutions, wealthy residents.Selected money and valuables ABREKS often distributed among the poor peasants.

After escaping from prison Zelimkhan skryvetsya some time in their places and began to fight injustice - he declares uncompromising war power. Zelimkhan elusiveness over the years (from 1901 to 1913.) Acquire him, as reported in dispatches to St. Petersburg , "... glory among the natives , as a resounding success made him a folk hero. "About Zelimkhan in this regard were composed songs, and in upland villages of Chechnya he even was given the nickname "the governor of the mountains", as if in opposition to the Governor of his Imperial Majesty in the Caucasus .

Most active Zelimkhan began with the start of the 1905 revolution , in which he, like other ABREKS took an active part.Beginning in spring 1905 in Chechnya and Ingushetia tide of peasant uprisings. Peasants were expelled by the authorities appointed officials seized both private and state-owned land, refused to pay taxes and perform duties.Performances of the peasants, which will continue in 1906 , took the greatest extent in the Vedeno district, the birthplace of Zelimkhan. Courageous action abrek Zelimkhan inspired peasant masses to struggle and played an important role in the persistence with which the peasants refused to obey the colonial authorities . However, the Bolsheviks had not managed to establish contact with Zelimkhan what they are, of course, very sorry later, because of Zelimkhan could get another Kotovsky .

It should be noted that the relationship with the revolutionary movement in Russia Zelimkhan all still set, but by the anarchists .In 1911 with the famous abreks met several students of anarchists from Rostov-on-Don .From them he learned that "the king not only Chechens do evil." Students are told in detail about the struggle waged by workers and peasants throughout Russia. Zelimkhan with sympathy and support reacted to the guests. They parted as friends and colleagues. Students awarded Zelimkhan red-black flag , four bombs and print , which read "With the Caucasian mountain suicide anarchists.Ataman Zelimkhan. Since then, Zelimkhan fastened their letters and ultimatums of the printing.

Detachment Zelimkhan actually began a guerrilla war against the authorities.Against him were thrown at troops of the regular army. In villages that harbor abreks, were brutal "cleansing" . Persecution began relatives Zelimkhan: killed his brother and father, arrested his wife and children. For the head of the legendary abrek imperial government appointed a 5000 rubles, and subsequently the amount was increased to 18,000 rubles. But nothing could break Zelimkhan and he continued his struggle.

In April 1906, he killed the chief of the Grozny district of Lieutenant Colonel Dobrovolsky.In 1908 - head of the Vedeno district Colonel Galaevs, for he wished to implement anti-peasant land management projects, which caused widespread discontent in Chechnya. In January of 1910 - made a raid on Grozny railway station and took cash from 18000 rubles. The order of the Terek region authorities have formed a "temporary hunting party headed by Lieutenant-Colonel Verbitsky for the destruction of Zelimkhan and his associates.

Sure, Zelimkhan was not deprived of certain qualities of an organizer, paternalistic attraction for followers and some degree of nobility.He appreciated the courage and, in some cases, admiring the courage of Russian officers, who pursued his troops, a generous, even to them if they are under any circumstances, fell to him in captivity.Keeping in handling age-old customs of highland hospitality, he left them with personal weapons during the talks, and guided by its own, not allowing the massacre. Once during a tour of the Northern Caucasus in the hostage to Zelimkhan got famous singer Fyodor Chaliapin .When Zelimkhan know who fell into his hands, he asked him to just sing. When Chaliapin sang, moved to tears Abrek let him go free. [1] [ unauthoritative source? ]

Also, he generously treated and mountaineers to the poor, regardless of nationality and religion destitute.And so he had provided all possible assistance, patronized and protected them. The object of his revenge is Zelimkhan always chose officers and government officials who have shown unbridled zeal of the oppressed people. So, in October 1905 in reprisal for 17 murdered troops on Grozny bazaar civilians, he shot the same number of passengers, the officers stopped them from the train.Zelimkhan sincerely believed that only revenge could get enough of unbelted offenders who use permissiveness and impunity.

Whenever appearing where it did not expect, Zelimkhan never acted on the sly. Always warned about his opponent will soon visit, business urged enemies that he is the master of his word. It was all in a fury of the gendarmerie and the military. For example, one of the most notorious cases of Zelimkhan was an attack in 1910 on Kizlyar .Disguised by the Cossacks, his force had robbed the bank Kizlyar. It should be noted that, as noted by historical documents, Zelimkhan warned the authorities in advance about the impending attack and reported the location and time of the planned operation. This was a direct affront to the power and demonstration of his frustration.

Abrechestvo had mass support among the mountaineers, and reflected the discontent of the North Caucasian national oppression. His head Zelimkhan imperial administration has appointed a great reward, which always grew for 13 years until Zelimkhan was for the authorities elusive.To catch Gushmazukaeva over the years sent many expeditions. His head was promised reward 18000 rubles (then worth a cow 10 rubles). A number of Chechen villages was wrapped heavy fines for harboring abrek, several villages hit by punitive expeditions, but none of the peasants Zelimkhan not been issued. Only in 1913 wasfound a traitor who has informed the authorities about his whereabouts. 25 September 1913 a detachment under the command of Lieutenant George Kibirov , who considered his Zelimkhan krovniki, attacked on the trail abrek.Zelimkhan was surrounded near the village of Shali and as a result of a long and bloody battle seriously ill Zelimkhan Gushmazukaev was killed.

In Soviet times, in the Chechen Republic was organized farm them. Zelimkhan were created books and films.

taken from Wikipedia